安科(kē)瑞 鮑靜(jìng)君

摘 要：介紹了(liǎo)開(kāi)口式(shì)電流互感器(qì)在(zài)改造項(xiàng)目(mù)中的應用(yòng)
，以及(jí)帶開關(guān)量的開口式(shì)電(diàn)流互(hù)感器(qì)的(dí)作用
，和常(cháng)規(guī)開(kāi)口(kǒu)互感(gǎn)器對(duì)比的優勢
，並結合(hé)工程實例分(fēn)析(xī)。

  Abstract：Introduces the application of open type current transformer in the renovation project, as well as the role of open type current transformer with switching quantity, and the advantages of comparison with conventional open type current transformer, and analyzes with engineering examples.

  關鍵詞(cí) 低壓配電(diàn)係(xì)統 開關量 開口式 電流互感器 防竊(qiè)電 工作原(yuán)理

  Keywords low voltage distribution system, switching, open type current transformer, anti-theft, working principle

  1.引(yǐn)言 Introduction

  隨(suí)著我(wǒ)國電力(lì)工業中城(chéng)網及農網(wǎng)的改(gǎi)造
，以(yǐ)及低壓配電係統(tǒng)的(dí)自(zì)動化(huà)程(chéng)度(dù)不斷提高(gāo)
，開口式電流(liú)互(hù)感(gǎn)器作(zuò)為低(dī)壓配(pèi)電係統中(zhōng)的(dí)一(yī)種重要電氣元(yuán)件
，在(zài)電網(wǎng)改造中的作(zuò)用越來(lái)越(yuè)明顯
，已被(bèi)廣泛(fàn)地應(yīng)用(yòng)於測(cè)量，計量，繼電保護，係(xì)統監(jiān)測(cè)，接地(dì)保護和各種電(diàn)力係(xì)統(tǒng)分析之中。

  With the transformation of urban and agricultural networks in China's power industry and the increasing automation of low-voltage distribution systems, open type current transformers, as an important electrical component in low-voltage distribution systems, have become more and more obvious in the transformation of power grids and have been widely used in measurement, metering, relay protection, system monitoring, grounding protection and various power system analysis.

  但(dàn)是(shì)
，目(mù)前市(shì)場上的開(kāi)口式(shì)低(dī)壓互感器(qì)在安裝的(dí)時候可(kě)能會(huì)出(chū)現(xiàn)卡扣(kòu)沒(méi)卡緊導致(zhì)鐵(tiě)芯(xīn)沒(méi)有*閉合(hé)；或者在運行過(guò)程中
，互感器外殼受(shòu)到很大應力作(zuò)用
，外(wài)殼(ké)鉸鏈斷裂(liè)
，導(dǎo)致上(shàng)下鐵芯不閉(bì)合(hé)
，影(yǐng)響互(hù)感(gǎn)器(qì)精度或者(zhě)沒有(yǒu)電流(liú)輸出(chū)。帶(dài)開(kāi)關量(liáng)的開口式電流互感器能(néng)夠(gòu)有(yǒu)助於(yú)向(xiàng)儀(yí)表或(huò)者後(hòu)台反饋(kuì)上(shàng)述情(qíng)況
，在電力(lì)監控項(xiàng)目(mù)上(shàng)有(yǒu)廣(guǎng)闊的運用前景。

  However, the open type low-voltage transformers on the market at present may be installed with snaps that are not tightened to cause the core to be not completely closed; or during operation, the transformer shell is subjected to great stress and the shell hinge breaks, resulting in the upper and lower cores not being closed, affecting the accuracy of the transformer or no current output. The open type current transformer with switch can effectively feedback the above situation to the instrument or the background, and has a broad application prospect in power monitoring projects.

  2.電(diàn)流(liú)互(hù)感器工作原理 Working principle of current transformer

  開(kāi)口低壓電(diàn)流互感器(qì)的(dí)工(gōng)作原(yuán)理如圖1所(suǒ)示(shì)
，開口(kǒu)電(diàn)流互感器的(dí)一(yī)次(cì)繞(rào)組(zǔ)串(chuàn)聯(lián)在被測綫(xiàn)路(lù)中
，I1為(wéi)綫(xiàn)路電流即電流(liú)互感器的一(yī)次電(diàn)流(liú)
，N1為(wéi)電(diàn)流(liú)互(hù)感器的(dí)一(yī)次匝數
，I2電流互感(gǎn)器(qì)二(èr)次(cì)電(diàn)流
，N2為電流(liú)互感器(qì)的二(èr)次匝數
，Z2e為二次回路(lù)設備及(jí)連接導(dǎo)綫阻抗。當一次電流從(cóng)電流(liú)互(hù)感(gǎn)器(qì)P1端流進(jìn)
，P2端出
，在二(èr)次(cì)Z2e接通的情(qíng)況(kuàng)下
，由電磁感應原理(lǐ)
，電流(liú)互(hù)感(gǎn)器二次繞組有電流(liú)I2從(cóng)S1流過(guò)
，經Z2e至S2
，形(xíng)成閉合回路。由(yóu)此可得(dé)電(diàn)流在理想(xiǎng)狀(zhuàng)態下I1×N1=I2×N2
，

  所以(yǐ)有I1/I2=N1/N2=K
，K為(wéi)電(diàn)流互感器(qì)的變比(bǐ)。但是由於開(kāi)

  口式電(diàn)流互(hù)感器的鐵(tiě)芯(xīn)切開後(hòu)
，使(shǐ)鐵芯的性能下將(jiāng)的比較(jiào)厲(lì)害
，所(suǒ)以要(yào)將互感(gǎn)器(qì)的鐵(tiě)芯截(jié)麵積加大
，而且(qiě)提高(gāo)安匝(zā)數
，將I1×N1=I2×N2≥100AN。

  The working principle of the open-ended low-voltage current transformer is shown in Figure 1. The primary winding of the open-ended current transformer is connected in series with the line under test, I1 is the line current, that is, the primary current of the current transformer, and N1 is the primary turns of the current transformer. I2 is the secondary current of the current transformer, N2 is the secondary turns of the current transformer, and Z2e is the impedance of the secondary circuit equipment and connecting wires. When the primary current flows in from the P1 end of the current transformer, and the P2 end goes out, in the case that the secondary Z2e is turned on, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the secondary winding of the current transformer has a current I2 flowing from S1, through Z2e to S2, form a closed loop. It can be obtained that the current is I1×N1=I2×N2 in the ideal state, so there is I1/I2=N1/N2=K, and K is the transformation ratio of the current transformer. However, after the iron core of the open current transformer is cut, the performance of the iron core will be worse, so the cross-sectional area of the iron core of the transformer must be increased, and the number of ampere turns must be increased, and I1×N1=I2 ×N2≥100AN.

  另外
，該(gāi)互感(gǎn)器上的開關量(liáng)開(kāi)關
，當互感(gǎn)器卡扣(kòu)沒(méi)卡好(hǎo)或(huò)是互(hù)感器老化導致殼(ké)體(tǐ)破(pò)裂
，開關(guān)按鈕(niǔ)彈起(qǐ)
，常(cháng)閉變常開
，信(xìn)號(hào)終止(zhǐ)傳輸
，互感(gǎn)器無信號輸(shū)出(chū)；當互感(gǎn)器卡(qiǎ)扣正常是(shì)
，開關狀(zhuàng)態為(wéi)常(cháng)閉
，互感(gǎn)器正常(cháng)工作。

  In addition, the transformer on the switch, when the transformer snap did not card or the transformer aging caused by the rupture of the shell, the switch button pops up, normally closed to normally open, the signal termination transmission, the transformer no signal output; when the transformer snap is normal, the switch state is normally closed, the transformer works normally.

  3.開(kāi)口式電(diàn)流互感(gǎn)器Open type current transformer

  開(kāi)口(kǒu)式(shì)電(diàn)流互感器(qì)主要應(yīng)用於(yú)工業中城網，農網(wǎng)改造(zào)項目(mù)。特(tè)點是安(ān)裝方便(biàn)
，無需拆(chāi)除一次(cì)母綫(xiàn)
，亦可帶電(diàn)操作。但是
，目前市場上的低(dī)壓開口式互感器存在以下(xià)缺點：

  Open type current transformers are mainly used in industrial city network and agricultural network renovation projects. Features are easy to install, no need to remove the primary busbar, and can also be operated with electricity. However, the current low-voltage open type transformers on the market have the following drawbacks.

  （1）市場上的開口式電流互感器在(zài)安裝(zhuāng)的(dí)時候可能(néng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)卡扣沒卡(qiǎ)緊(jǐn)或(huò)是鐵芯沒有(yǒu)閉合(hé)
，在(zài)運行(háng)過程中會出現互感器脫落或者斷開(kāi)的風險(xiǎn)；

  (1) Open type current transformer on the market may not be installed when the clasp is not tight or the core is not closed, the risk of the transformer falling off or disconnected during operation.

  （2）開(kāi)口式(shì)電(diàn)流(liú)互感器(qì)在安(ān)裝後(hòu)如果被人為二(èr)次打開後(hòu)
，會出現無信號等問(wèn)題。

  針(zhēn)對(duì)上述不足
，AKH-0.66/K-SW係(xì)列電流互感器(qì)
，可以解決(jué)上述問題。此互感器(qì)外(wài)形美觀(guān)
，安(ān)裝維護方(fāng)便簡潔(jié)。如圖(tú)2所(suǒ)示
，該互感器具(jù)備(bèi)以下(xià)幾(jī)個(gè)優點(diǎn)：

  Open type current transformer will have no signal and other problems if it is artificially opened twice after installation.

  AKH-0.66/K-SW series current transformer can solve the above problems. This transformer has a beautiful appearance and is easy and simple to install and maintain. As shown in Figure 2, the transformer has the following advantages.

  （1）AKH-0.66/K-SW係列電流互(hù)感器(qì)
，安裝(zhuāng)時無需將(jiāng)電斷開(kāi)
，可(kě)以帶(dài)電操(cāo)作
，閉合(hé)直接(jiē)使用即可現場安裝簡便(biàn)
，減(jiǎn)少(shǎo)人力(lì)成(chéng)本；

  AKH-0.66/K-SW series current transformer, installation without disconnecting the electricity, you can operate with electricity, close the direct use of the site installation is simple, reducing labor costs.

  （2）AKH-0.66/K-SW係(xì)列電(diàn)流互感器
，在(zài)該(gāi)模(mó)塊有4根(gēn)引(yǐn)綫(xiàn)
，兩根傳輸(shū)電流信(xìn)號
，兩根(gēn)傳(chuán)輸(shū)開(kāi)關(guān)量信號(hào)；

  AKH-0.66/K-SW series current transformer, there are four leads in the module, two to transmit the current signal, two to transmit the switching signal.

  （3）AKH-0.66/K-SW係列電(diàn)流(liú)互感器(qì)
，當(dāng)卡扣沒(méi)卡(qiǎ)好(hǎo)或(huò)是互(hù)感器老(lǎo)化(huà)導(dǎo)致殼體(tǐ)破(pò)裂(liè)
，上(shàng)下(xià)殼(ké)體彈開(kāi)
，鐵芯接觸不(bù)良(liáng)
，卡在互(hù)感(gǎn)器下(xià)殼體的開(kāi)關凸起(qǐ)按鈕就會向上彈(dàn)出
，開關(guān)斷開
，開(kāi)關量(liáng)信(xìn)號終止傳(chuán)輸
，起到提示(shì)開(kāi)口(kǒu)式低壓互感(gǎn)器停(tíng)止工(gōng)作的(dí)作(zuò)用。

  AKH-0.66/K-SW series current transformers, when the buckle is not locked or the transformer is aging, the casing is broken, the upper and lower casings pop open, the iron core is in poor contact, and the switch stuck on the lower casing of the transformer protrudes The button will pop up, the switch will be disconnected, and the switching signal will terminate the transmission, which will prompt the open-type low-voltage transformer to stop working.

  （4）AKH-0.66/K-SW係列電流互(hù)感器(qì)
，上下(xià)殼(ké)體帶有(yǒu)鉛封孔(kǒng)
，一(yī)旦安裝完(wán)畢立(lì)即進(jìn)行(háng)鉛(qiān)封。

  AKH-0.66/K-SW series current transformer, the upper and lower shells with lead seal holes, once the installation is completed immediately lead seal.

  4.參(cān)數對(duì)照(zhào)表Parameter comparison table

  4.結束(shù)語(yǔ)Conclusion

  AKH-0.66/K-SW係(xì)列電(diàn)流(liú)互感(gǎn)器的(dí)出(chū)現(xiàn)
，具(jù)備(bèi)異常打(dǎ)開報(bào)警，停上電(diàn)事件上報等(děng)功能
，同(tóng)時(shí)也(yě)為企業降(jiàng)低(dī)了(liǎo)人(rén)力物(wù)力(lì)成(chéng)本
，由於(yú)市場(cháng)巨大
，一旦(dàn)形成生產能力
，也(yě)可(kě)帶動其他(tā)行業的飛速發展。

  The emergence of AKH-0.66/K-SW series current transformer, with abnormal open alarm, stop on the power event reporting and other functions, but also for the enterprise to reduce the cost of human and material resources, due to the huge market, once the formation of production capacity, but also can drive the rapid development of other industries.